Are interventions for low-income groups effective in changing healthy eating, physical activity and smoking behaviours? (2014)

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of behavioural interventions targeting diet, physical activity or smoking in low-income adults.
Design: Systematic review with random effects meta-analyses. Studies before 2006 were identified from a previously published systematic review (searching 1995-2006) with similar but broader inclusion criteria (including non-randomised controlled trials (RCTs)). Studies from 2006 to 2014 were identified from eight electronic databases using a similar search strategy.
Results: 35 studies containing 45 interventions with 17.000 participants met inclusion criteria. At postintervention, effects were positive but small for diet, physical activity and smoking. Studies reporting follow-up results suggested that effects were maintained over time for diet but not physical activity or smoking.
Conclusions: Behaviour change interventions for lowincome groups had small positive effects on healthy eating, physical activity and smoking. Further work is needed to improve the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions for deprived populations.