Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks? (2010)
Although from a societal point of view a modal shift from car to bicycle may have beneficial health effects due to decreased air pollution emissions, decreased greenhouse gas emissions and increased levels of physical activity, for the shifting individual adverse health effects such as higher exposure to air pollution and risk of a traffic accident may prevail. This paper describes whether the health benefits from the increased physical activity of a modal shift for urban commutes outweigh the health risks.
Literatuurverwijzing: Hartog, J.J. de, Boogaard, H., Nijland, H.C., & Hoek, G. (2010). Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?. Environmental Health Perspectives (pp. 1109-1116)